可重复使用飞行器的保性能姿态跟踪控制方法

针对可重复使用飞行器再入姿态跟踪控制问题,在考虑执行器饱和、气动参数摄动和外部扰动的情况下,提出了一种保性能姿态跟踪控制方案。通过构造预设性能函数,使姿态跟踪误差在预先设置的包络内演化,保证了系统的瞬态和稳态性能;其次,借助于高增益扩张状态观测器解决了气动参数摄动和外部扰动的问题;之后,基于反步控制框架,设计了一种低复杂度的输出反馈扰动补偿控制方法,保证跟踪误差的收敛性。与已有方法相比,所设计的方法不包含一些复杂的非线性动力学近似技术,如神经网络等,降低了参数调节的复杂性,且无需对虚拟控制律重复微分,避免了"微分爆炸"问题。同时,Lyapunov稳定性分析表明,该方法能够保证误差变量的预期收敛以及其他闭环系统信号的有界性。最后,通过对比仿真验证了所提方法的有效性及可行性。     

An intelligent target detection method of UAV swarms based on improved KM algorithm

Complete and efficient detection of unknown targets is the most popular application of UAV swarms. Under most situations, targets have directional characteristics so that they can only be successfully detected within specific angles. In such cases, how to coordinate UAVs and allocate optimal paths for them to efficiently detect all the targets is the primary issue to be solved. In this paper, an intelligent target detection method is proposed for UAV swarms to achieve real-time detection requirements. First, a target-feature-information-based disintegration method is built up to divide the search space into a set of cubes. Theoretically, when the cubes are traversed, all the targets can be detected. Then, a Kuhn-Munkres (KM)-algorithm-based path planning method is proposed for UAVs to traverse the cubes. Finally, to further improve search efficiency, a 3D real-time probability map is established over the search space which estimates the possibility of detecting new targets at each point. This map is adopted to modify the weights in KM algorithm, thereby optimizing the UAVs’ paths during the search process. Simulation results show that with the proposed method, all targets, with detection angle limitations, can be found by UAVs. Moreover, by implementing the 3D probability map, the search efficiency is improved by 23.4%–78.1%.     

网络化飞行器执行机构故障自适应容错控制

针对存在随机短时延和外部干扰的网络化飞行器执行机构故障问题,提出了一种自适应容错控制方法。首先利用扩张状态观测器(Extended State Observer, ESO)对系统不确定性进行估计,并构建了自抗扰控制器对不确定性进行补偿。在此基础上,设计了一种基于跟踪误差的自适应容错控制方法。当执行机构发生未知故障后执行机构指令能自适应逼近设计值,使得重构的控制系统精确跟踪参考模型。最后利用Lyapunov函数方法证明了闭环控制系统的有界稳定。数值仿真校验了所提方法的有效性。     

新一代运载火箭的数据驱动快速测试技术

本文提出一种数据驱动的快速测试技术。数据由箭上系统通过自检测(BIT)采集,经箭地高速总线传送至地面;地面数据处理终端采用与箭上系统相同的模型和算法,复现箭上的处理过程,从而判断系统中是否存在故障,实现快速故障定位。本文全面介绍实现这一设计的关键技术,包括箭上信息监测点的选择、总线窃听技术、飞行软件中的数据管理任务等,并示例说明各类典型数据的分析以及故障诊断和定位等。所有分析工作均实时自动完成,并能随测试用例的调整自适应地计算出新的比对结果,为提高系统级测试的覆盖性创造条件;并大大节省地面专用测试设备和数据分析时间,减少技术保障人员。     

基于PolyMAX法的飞行器工作模态分析技术与应用

飞行器在大气中飞行时经历严酷的力热环境,结构动力学问题显著,而模态特性是分析这些问题的重要输入。传统地面模态试验很难准确模拟飞行环境,而工作模态分析技术能够得到飞行器实际飞行中的模态参数。文章首先简要介绍了工作模态分析技术的背景和发展现状,说明了PolyMAX法的基本原理,然后对飞行器飞行试验测量数据进行了处理和分析,采用PolyMAX法成功识别出该飞行器的模态参数,并进行了模态验证。     

全尺寸全空域高超声速等效模拟器原理及概念设计

利用螺旋波电离加速并获得轴向速度约为5~10 km/s的等离子体束流,再经过电荷交换产生等速的定向高速气流。采用多束并联的工作方式模拟高速中性气流环境,实现对约0.5~3 m2的整个高超声速飞行器横截面积的覆盖,每一束气流的横截面积约为0.031 4 m2,其密度在1015~1021 m-3范围可调。基于多束并联工作原理的模拟器称之为全尺寸全空域等效模拟器,能够用于高超声速飞行器的气动力学、气动加热等的地面研究,所获得的测量数据更加符合实际飞行状态,也可以解决缩比模型实验的相似性原理差异等技术难题。     

Multi-layered plate finite element models with node-dependent kinematics for smart structures with piezoelectric components

This article presents a type of plate Finite Element (FE) models with adaptive mathematical refinement capabilities for modeling laminated smart structures with piezoelectric layers or distributed patches. The p-version shape functions are used in combination with the higher-order Layer-Wise (LW) kinematics adopting hierarchical Legendre polynomials. Node-Dependent Kinematics (NDK) is employed to implement local LW models in the regions with piezoelectric components and simulate the global substrate structure with the Equivalent Single-Layer (ESL) approach. Through the proposed NDK FE models, the electro-mechanical behavior of smart structures can be predicted with high fidelity and numerical efficiency, and various patch configurations can be conveniently modeled through one set of mesh grids. Moreover, the effectiveness and efficiency of the NDK FE approach are assessed through numerical examples and its application is demonstrated.     

Prescribed fast tracking control for flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicles: An event-triggered case

In this paper, a prescribed fast tracking control scheme is proposed for Flexible Air-breathing Hypersonic Vehicles (FAHV) subject to lumped disturbances and limited resources. To maintain tracking errors of velocity and altitude converge to a predefined region with a prescribed time and release the transient intense fluctuations encountered in classical Prescribed Performance Control (PPC) using a fast decaying rate, a tracking differentiator-based PPC is presented, where the reaching time and the maximum time differentiation of preselected envelopes can be regulated as a prior via fixing an acceleration factor, so that a guaranteed fast convergence speed can be realized with reduced oscillations. Besides, to avoid the excessive occupation of limited resources (energy and communication) and guarantee a remarkable tracking accuracy, switching event-triggered mechanisms are constructed for FAHV control realization, which provide a promising way to pursue a desired level of tracking performance with a low energy consumption. Subsequently, Uncertainty and Disturbance Estimators (UDE) and Sigmoid function-based Tracking Differentiators (STD) are employed to provide disturbance estimation and reference derivation with a low computational complexity. Finally, robust control laws are designed to compensate for the sampling error induced by event-triggered conditions, meanwhile Zeno phenomena can be effectively eliminated. The simulation results and comparisons validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

充气式再入航天器总体方案及关键技术初探

充气式再入航天器是一种新型的再入航天器,可实现载人航天和行星探测任务中的行星大气再入,具有系统简单、质量小、气动加热低和可适应不同外形的再入载荷等优点。文章介绍了充气式再入航天器的国际发展现状,并对充气式再入航天器的总体方案进行了初步分析。参考俄罗斯的充气再入与降落技术(inflatable re-entry and descent technology,IRDT)设计先例,提出了充气式再入航天器的构型方案,并针对该构型进行了基于计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)的气动力和热仿真分析。计算采用了迎风格式的层流模型,基于密度进行求解。文章还基于国际空间站的运行轨道,开展了再入轨道的设计,最后对再入气动特性分析、柔性热防护材料、布局与折叠包装和充气机构设计等关键技术提出了初步建议。